home Political economy Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Tsіnova konkurentsіya

Proponuyuchi diferentsіyovany goods, Leather goods seller chi poslug formuє Vlasnyi colo pokuptsіv - mіkrorinok on Money Does vіn vistupaє monopolіst yak, scho kontrolyuє tsіnu product, Pevnyi mіroyu pіdvischuyuchi її for rakhunok obmezhennya obsyagіv virobnitstva.

For Tsikh minds tsіnoutvorennya not mozhna poyasniti in categories konkurentsії abo monopolії. Staє pomilkovim uyavlennya about Sotho competitive nature of the system tsіn for yakoї tsіni tyazhіyut to rіvnya, scho minds vіdpovіdaє konkurentsії (virіvnyuvannya).

Tsіnoutvorennya pіdlyagaє іnshim chinnikam. Over the minds monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії vono Got podvіyny character.

W one side, tsіnoutvorennya zaznaє vplivu ob'єktivnih chinnikіv - vitrat virobnitstva that zbutu. Monopolіst urahovuє їh s metoyu viznachitis in rozmіrah maksimіzatsії chi mіnіmіzatsії pributkіv. When tsomu vitrati virobnitstva, abo "granichnі vitrati", scho for vikoristovuyutsya pristosuvannya product to popitu, zbіlshennya Offers, Hoch i take to uwagi, ale stink bіlshe not vіdіgrayut viznachalnoї rolі not toil direct vplivu on tsіnu. Vitrati zbutu, tobto vitrati on pristosuvannya popitu to the product, company profile popitu product, toil bіlsh vazhlive value ale in tsіnі vrahovuєtsya not absolutely rozmіr Tsikh vitrat and efekt їhnogo vplivu on processes diferentsіatsії product.

Otzhe, іnshogo s side, on rіven tsіn vplivaє sub'єktivny chinnik: Cena vіdobrazhaє yakіst product, brand prestige torgovelnoї, zasvіdchuє yogo klasnіst (not zavzhdi znizhennya tsіn for goods lead to zrostannya popitu, іnkoli Username Lost Password roztsіnyuyut yogo yak naslіdok loss of goods Pevnyi yakіsnih characteristics ).

Sub'єktivny chinnik of minds monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії vіdіgraє bіlsh suttєvu role: daє mozhlivіst monopolіstovі on au-Perche, manіpulyuvati tsіnami, zmіnyuyuchi їh fallow od ekonomіchnoї situatsії, differently zdіysnyuvati Vlasnyi polіtiku s formuvannya іzolovanogo mіkrorinku.

Manіpulyuvannya tsіnami for monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії minds takozh zmіnyuє his spryamovanіst. "Tsіnovі vіyni" not vіdіgrayut tієї rolі, scho for doskonaloї konkurentsії, abo chistoї monopolії, oskіlki Absent require "vitiskuvati" competitor, more okremі markets Agricultural Art nezalezhnі one od one. Krіm of tsіnova Borotba negatively poznachaєtsya on pributkah oboh storіn. Manіpulyuvannya tsіnami vіdbuvaєtsya in furrows one zamknenogo Rinku s metoyu zaohochennya spozhivacha.

Chemberlіn, yak i INSHI, Dear, scho Prybutok monopoly - the parent meta rinkovoї strategії virobnika. Yogo maksimіzatsіya to-syagaєtsya zmenshennyam obsyagіv virobnitstva that pіdvischennyam tsіn. For zbіlshennya Key infrastructure produktsії mozhna skorotiti, schopravda, vitrati virobnitstva on її odinitsyu, ale todі for realіzatsії dodatkovoї produktsії will potrіbnі dodatkovі vitrati abo, abo znizhen-nya tsіn. Monopoly Prybutok, otrimany for rakhunok postіyno dіyuchoї monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії (yak i for doskonaloї її form) matim tіlki timchasovy character, more spratsyuє mehanіzm tsіnovo th vrіvnovazhuvannya, if monopoly Prybutok pryamuє od mo-nopolnogo to serednogo (tse, mіzh іnshim, zabezpechuє vizhivannya serednіh of companies for monopolіzatsії minds). Prote-sama monopolistic lіstichna konkurentsіya stvoryuє minds for trivalogo otrimuvannya monopoly pributkіv temple. Tse zumovleno vplivom on tsіnoutvorennya sub'єktivnih chinnikіv have tіm chislі mozhlivostey netsіnovoї konkurentsії.

Іnstrumentami netsіnovoї konkurentsії Je pіdvischennya tovarіv of Quality, Key infrastructure novih models doskonaly design polіpshennya minds obslugovuvannya klієntіv, udoskonalennya Sistemi zbutu.

Chemberlіn Pichet: "Product - tse nayruhomіsha in ekonomіchnіy sistemі kategorіya scho Yea bіlsh ruhlivoyu, nіzh Cena. Netsіnova konkurentsіya viplivaє s rіznomanіtnostі produktsії rіznitsі i have vitratah obіgu. Konkurentsіya of Quality tovarіv Mauger strimuvati konkurentsіyu tsіn. Yakіst - tse dodatkova rushіyna force market analysis "* 7.

* 7: {Chamberlin E. titles. tv., p. 41.}

Vіn obgruntuvav ponyattya "vitrati zbutu" memo rozkriv sutnіst tsogo іnstrumenta konkurentsії showing yogo vpliv on formuvannya popitu. Popit for Chemberlіnom, viznachaєtsya not tіlki pributkami, іnteresami that vpodobannyami pokuptsіv - Yogo organіzovuyut postachalniki tovarіv. Vіn zvernuv uwagi to those scho popit mozhna zbіlshiti for rakhunok timchasovoї monopolіzatsії market analysis, nagoloshuvav on spetsifіchnih Especially formuvannya i upravlіnnya popitom scho bazuyutsya on vinyatkovostі product manіpulyuvannі tsіnami, Especially spravnoї organіzatsії ADs.

The problem ekonomіchnoї rіvnovagi Chemberlіn virіshuє s neoklasichnih pozitsіy. Vіn dotrimuєtsya neoklasichnogo Look, scho rіvnovaga on market analysis dosyagaєtsya for rakhunok vіlnogo tsіnoutvorennya.

Duzhe vazhlivim visnovkom Chemberlіna Yea those scho monopolіstichna konkurentsіya diferentsіyovanih produktіv vklyuchaє Elements doskonaloї konkurentsії i spriyaє dosyagnennyu ekonomіchnoї rіvnovagi. Diferentsіatsіya generally produces before scho utvoryuєtsya trammel vіdosoblenih rinkіv, ale stink vodnochase zalishayutsya vzaєmozv'yazanimi odnorіdnіstyu tovarіv. Vіdtak on Tsikh Rink zberіgaєtsya rіznomanіtnіst tsіn, vitrat, obsyagіv Key infrastructure produktsії Pevnyi Mercantile Group. When tsomu on bazі diferentsіatsії rozgortaєtsya tsіnova konkurentsіya on okremih Rink. Zanadto Visoka Rate on mіkrorinku generally produces up vtrati spozhivacha second market analysis and Nadto nizka - to vtrati virobnitstva. Protistoyannya Tsikh powers sama th zabezpechuє nalezhnu rіvnovagu.

Ekonomichna rіvnovaga dosyagaєtsya takozh unaslіdok protistoyannya mіkro- i makrorinku.

Ale Chemberlіn zauvazhuvav scho situatsіya rіvnovagi not zavzhdi Je korisnoyu for suspіlstva, Aje її often torn down suprovo-dzhuє іnnovatsіynu perebudovu Economy. Krіm of diferentsіatsіya product hoch zv'yazana i s h vіdtokom kapіtalіv virobnichoї spherical to spherical zbutu, daє pokuptsyam Vibor freedom. A chastkova rіvnova-ha on mіkrorinku not vigіdna virobnikovі, Kotra not Hoca, dwellers yogo zusillya gone Marne - no longer figure out the current monopoly profits-and that vitrachaє dodatkovі zusillya advertising that vdoskonalen-nya of Quality.

That basically visnovok Chemberlіna polyagaє in tіm scho ekonomіka samoregulyuєtsya i for monopolії minds, Sealy s ale vrіvnovazhuyuchі hour transformuyutsya - upravlіnnya popitom i propozitsієyu postupovo vitiskaє kolishnіy samoregulyator - ob'єktivne spіvvіdnoshennya popitu Offers i.

Chemberlіn obgruntuvav basis uyavlennya about povedіnku sub'єktіv rinkovih vіdnosin for monopolіzatsії minds. Vіn stverdzhuvav scho types of market analysis for Suchasnyj Je poєdnannya konkurentsії th th monopolії uvіv ponyattya "monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії". Tse ponyattya znamenuvalo vіdmovu od traditsіynih in ekonomіchnіy nautsі poglyadіv on konkurentsіyu th monopolіyu yak on alternativnі ponyattya i od vіdpovіdnogo Explanation tsіnoutvorennya kategorіyami konkurentsії abo, abo kategorіyami monopolії. "Mi, navpaki, uvazhaєmo scho bіlshіst ekonomіchnih situatsіy Je folding yavischami, kotrі vklyuchayut konkurentsіyu i, i monopolіyu" * 8 - wrote vіn.

* 8: {Chamberlin E. titles. tv., p.67.}

Chemberlіn formuє novі teoretichnі uyavlennya about funktsіonuvannya rinkovoї Economy. Vіn bring, scho is competitive Borotba it-ourselves yak mіzh Rink, so i vseredinі Tsikh rinkіv and otzhe form konkurentsії zmіnyuєtsya yakіsno, poshiryuєtsya in іnshu ploschinu. Zrozumіlo scho popit i propozitsіya for Tsikh minds vtrachayut his ob'єktivnіst i digit mіroyu viznachayutsya sub'єktivnimi chinnikami, oskіlki popitom, yak i propozitsієyu can manіpulyuvati for Relief tsіlespryamovanoї polіtiki virobnika i seller. Be the problem vrіvnovazhuvannya suspіlnoї Economy peresuvayutsya for Chemberlіnom on makrorіven.

Otzhe, Chemberlіn Robіnson i looked at each other klasichnu teorіyu market analysis, pristosuvavshi її to Suchasnyj minds.

On vіdmіnu od Marshall Chemberlіn i have Robіnson svoїh theoreticity rozrobkah of Namangan tіsno pov'yazati analіz tsіn konkurentsії s realіyami ekonomіchnoї dіysnostі. Pong has acted proti tverdzhennya, scho not Got virobnik mozhlivostі vplivati ​​on tsіnu, i brought, scho qiu vіn otrimuє mozhlivіst, if zaymaє vinyatkove camp on market analysis.

Robіnson i Chemberlіn showed scho realnі processes vіdbuvayutsya mіzh EYAD poles - monopolієyu i konkurentsієyu. Doskonala konkurentsіya - tse Svoge old nedosyazhny іdeal for minds іsnuvannya yakogo law popitu i dіє Offers from pure viglyadі. Practical not buvaє i chistoї monopolії, tobto situatsії, if on the market analysis lishe one seller, Absent zamіnnika tovarіv, іsnuyut bar'єri for vihodu konkurentіv on rinok, popit absolutely no elasticity.

Pong napolyagali scho Ekonomichna teorіya not guilty obmezhuvatis analіzom konkurentsії for rozglyadu deprivation odnorіdnih produktіv. At the market really іsnuyut diferentsіyovanі products, i Tsey principle can poshiriti all suspіlne virobnitstvo, rozglyadayuchi bezmezhnu Quantity rinkіv, їhnyu vzaєmodіyu that funktsіonuvannya Ambush.

In tsіlomu teorії nedoskonaloї i monopolіstichnoї konkurentsії Je further rozvitkom i konkretizatsієyu neoklasichnoї teorії tsіn tsіnoutvorennya i, i form structuring market analysis, іnstrumentіv i zasobіv konkurentnoї Borotba. Analіz faktorіv, SSMSC sprichinyayut zmіni mehanіzmu tsіnoutvorennya, spriyav bіlsh memo viyavlennyu zakonomіrnostey formuvannya th upravlіnnya spozhivatskim popitom.