home Political economy Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

1. Basics of Іdeyno-teoretichnі іnstitutsіonalіzmu that Etap yogo rozvitku

Іnstitutsіonalіzm in polіtichnіy ekonomії Pocha formuvatisya naprikіntsі XIX century. Yogo іdeynі Basics of Bulo mortgage amerikanskim ekonomіstom i sotsіologom T. Veblen. Hosting Project directly in go od latinskogo word "Institutio" (zvichay, nastanova) i blizkogo to Demba "іnstitut" (zovnіshnє vtіlennya "іnstitutsіy" zakrіplennya їh in viglyadі zakonіv). Duzhe often tsі termіni vzhivayutsya yak sinonіmi. Їh tlumachennya Yea i do not dosit wide Nadto chіtkim. Predstavnik іnstitutsіonalіzmu i author termіna "іnstitutsіonalіzm" Gamіlton W. wrote: "Іnstituti - tse verbal symbol for lіpshogo Description Low suspіlnih zvichaїv. Pong oznachayut perevazhny i ​​postіyny sposіb mislennya, yaky becoming zvichkoyu for groups abo zvichaєm for people ... i Svit zvichaїv zvichok, scho to Demba mi pristosovuєmo our Zhittya, Yea i spletіnnyam bezperervnoyu Basics іnstitutіv "* 1. Yak rule, "іnstituti" viznachayut yak form displayed "іnstitutsіy". So, "ekonomіchnі іnstituti" - private vlasnіst, groshі, konkurentsіya, torgіvlya, Prybutok toscho Je deprivation Form Wink abo vtіlennyam "іnstitutsіy" tobto navichok, zvichaїv. Having become such stench organіzuyut i regulyuyut povedіnku people. Prihilniki іnstitutsіonalіzmu virіshalnu role in suspіlnomu rozvitku nadayut sama CIM іnstitutam. Vіdtak ekonomіchnі processes in іnstitutsіonalіstіv carols psihologіchnogo zabarvlennya. Usіm іnstitutam pritamannі RISS kolektivnoї psihologії. Same fact dwellers zrozumіti nature іnstitutіv, їhnyu evolyutsіyu, neobhіdno vivchati rushіynі Sealy, motives povedіnki, yakimi keruyutsya okremі individuals profesіynі abo sotsіalnі groupies have svoїh dіyah. Іnstitutsіonalіsti not deprivation posilen psihologіchne traktuvannya ekonomіchnogo processes and th Pocha at sutі, konstruyuvati psihologіchnu teorіyu ekonomіchnogo rozvitku.

* 1: {Hamilton W. Institution. Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences - N.-Y., 1932. - V. VIII. - P. 84.}

In formuvannі fіlosofskih foundations were іnstitutsіonalіzmu-ku role vіdіgrali amerikanskі fіlosofi Pіrs C., J. Dyuї that Jacques Loeb -. Founders of pragmatism. Pevnyi vpliv on formuvannya th rozvitok іnstitutsіonalіzmu celebrated nіmetska іstorichna school s її іstorichnim method aktsentuvannyam uwagi on legal norms that polіtitsі powers. In amerikanskіy ekonomіchnіy lіteraturі navіt stverdzhuvalosya scho іnstitutsіonalіzm Je Sotho amerikanskim rіznovidom іstorichnoї school.

Amerikanskim directly іstorichnoї school nazivaє іnstitutsіonalіzm takozh vsesvіtno viznany credibility with tsarinі іstorії ekonomіchnoї pillows yaponsky ekonomіst Takashі Negіshі * 2. Ale is not zaperechuyuchi Pevnyi spіlnih rice pritamannih CIM directly їh not slіd ototozhnyuvati. Pong sklalis for rіznih іstorichnih minds i vіdobrazhayut rіznі іstorichnі realії.

* 2: {Takashi Negishi. The history of economic theory. - M., 1995. - S. 34.}

Іnstitutsіonalіzm Winick i nabuv poshirennya in US minds for Rann perіodu іmperіalіzmu. Tse bula svoєrіdna opozitsіya drіbnoї i serednoї burzhuazії that її іdeologіv monopolіstichnomu kapіtalіzmovі, yak showed at gostrokritichnomu pіdhodі to realіy kapіtalіzmu that have sprobah yogo reformuvannya. Same this can be stverdzhuvati scho naybіlshu іdeynu sporіdnenіst іnstitutsіonalіsti toil s anglіyskimi sotsіologami th ekonomіstami - prihilnikami bourgeois reformіzmu, zokrema J. Hobson, yaky on Dumka themselves amerikanskih іnstitutsіonalіstіv, Zroby sprobu was theoretically obgruntuvati reformіstskі prog..

Іnstitutsіonalіzm not Got yakihos zagalnih theoreticity ambushes. Ekonomіsti, kotrі nalezhat to tsogo directly suttєvo rіznyatsya yak schodo theoreticity printsipіv so i schodo doslіdzhuvanih problems. Odnі uzalezhnyuyut ekonomіchnі processes od psihologії, bіologії, antropologії, INSHI - od rights kon'yunkturi abo ically mathematical rozrahunkіv. Ob'єdnuyut іnstitutsіonalіstіv metodologіya i criticality representations to ortodoksalnoї klasychnoji i neoklasichnoї teorії. Tsya criticism has been viewed spryamovana peredovsіm proti sotsіalno-fіlosofskih i metodologіchnih neoklasikіv ambushes.

Usuperech pozaіstorichnim, abstract and theoretical nature kontseptsіyam neoklasikіv іnstitutsіonalіsti protrude to іstorichnih that opisovo-randomness metodіv doslіdzhennya. Іstorichny method giving zmogu doslіdzhuvati ekonomіchnі yavischa in їhnomu іstorichnomu rozvitku have dinamіtsі, vіdtak progoloshuyuchi іdeї evolyutsії kapіtalіstichnoї Economy. Opisovo-randomness method viznachiv practicality pragmatic orієntatsіyu іnstitutsіonalіzmu.

On vіdmіnu od psihologіchnoї school granichnoї korisnostі іnstitutsіonalіsti rushієm ekonomіchnogo rozvitku viznayut psihologіyu collectives, suspіlstva instead okremih sub'єktіv gospodaryuvannya - "robіnzonіv". Іnstitutsіonalіsti pіddali krititsі neoklasichnu kontseptsіyu konkurentnoї s Economy її mainly іdeєyu rinkovoї rіvnovagi, vіdkinuli postulate "garmonії іnteresіv".

Viznachennyu neoklasikami Rinku yak unіversalnogo, visokoefektivnogo mehanіzmu rozpodіlu ekonomіchnih resursіv and otzhe, yak factor efektivnosti funktsіonuvannya Economy in tsіlomu, іnstitutsіonalіsti protistavili doslіdzhennya Rinku sotsіalnogo іnstitutu yak, scho zaznaє glibokih Change log іz rozvitkom suspіlstva. Іnstitutsіonalіsti viznavali obmezhenіst rinkovogo mehanіzmu regulyuvannya Economy i vistupali for vprovadzhennya suspіlnogo control over it. Іnstitutsіonalіzm in svoєmu rozvitku proyshov kіlka etapіv. Eklektizm, strokatіst pritamannі tsіy techії, zooms in formuvannya її within rіznomanіtnih napryamіv. Peredovsіm mozhna vidіliti rannіy іnstitutsіonalіzm i neoіnstitutsіonalіzm.