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Polіtichna ekonomіya - Krivenko KT

19.2. Teorії zaynyatostі i vіdtvorennya sub'єktivnogo factor virobnitstva

Neoklasichna teorіya zaynyatostі: gnuchkі tsіni pratsі. Keynsіanska teorіya zaynyatostі: negnuchkі tsіni pratsі.

19.2.1. Neoklasichna teorіya zaynyatostі: gnuchkі tsіni pratsі.

Rozglyanemo osnovnі teorії zaynyatostі rinkovoї minds of Economy.

Predstavniki neoklasichnoї school (D. Gіlder, A. Laffer) uvazhayut, scho regulator efektivnoї zaynyatostі i in Suchasnyj minds guilty sluzhiti tіlki rinkovy mehanіzm. On їh Dumka, Cena pratsі through rіven zarobіtnoї pay vplivaє on popit i proponuvannya robochoї Sealy, regulyuє їh spіvvіdnoshennya that neobhіdnu rіvnovagu mіzh them. Rate on robochem force Shvydko i gnuchko reaguє kon'yunkturu on market analysis, tobto zbіlshuєtsya chi zmenshuєtsya fallow od realnoї required. Yakscho vnaslіdok perevischennya proponuvannya pratsі over popitom vinikaє bezrobіttya, then won on vplivaє tsіni in bіk їh znizhennya to quiet pіr, Pokey is not bude dosyagnuto rіvnovagi on market analysis pratsі on rіvnі povnoї zaynyatostі for yakoї bezrobіttya vіdsutnє (Fig. 19.1).

Fig. 19.1. Neoklasichna model povnoї zaynyatostі, zasnovana on printsipі samoregulyuvannya Rinku pratsі

So, napriklad, zarobіtna board through pevnі Reason zroste s W1 to W2, scho given to pіdvischennya proponuvannya pratsі to L2 (proponuvati robochem force will i Ti, hto zaymaєtsya domogospodarstvom, toscho). Proponuvannya pratsі zroste od L1 to L2, scho vikliche nadlishok zaynyatih and factuality, the piece sformuє bezrobіttya in kraїnі. Tse prizvede to znizhennya tsіni pratsі on s market analysis W2 to W1.

Fig. 19.1 Povny rіvnovaga on market analysis pratsі dosyagaєtsya in tochtsі E de curve proponuvannya robochoї Sealy S peretinaєtsya s curve popitu on neї D robotodavtsіv. Zarobіtna board W1 vistupaє yak rіvnovazhna. For danogo rіvnya zarobіtnoї pay in ekonomіtsі dosyagaєtsya Povny zaynyatіst L1 - popit on Praca dorіvnyuє proponuvannyu pratsі.

Analogіchnu pozitsіyu zaymayut prihilniki teorії ratsіonalnih spodіvan. Tsya teorіya peredbachaє scho curve sukupnogo proponuvannya pratsі S vertical and zarobіtna board that INSHI tsіni - gnuchkі (Figure 19.2.). Znizhennya zarobіtnoї pay i tsіn, Yakscho TAKE become, not given to vimushenoї nezaynyatostі robochoї Seeley through Pevnyi hour zaynyatіst Shvydko vіdnovitsya on new (nizhchomu) rіvnі tsіn.

Fig. 19.2. Ratsіonalnі spodіvannya i model sukupnogo popitu on robochem force - sukupnogo proponuvannya robochoї Sealy

So, znizhennya rіvnya zarobіtnoї pay s W1 to W2 soon given up rіvnovagi mіzh proponuvannya robochoї Sealy i popitom on neї in tochtsі b, i Povny rіven zaynyatostі zberezhetsya.

19.2.2. Keynsіanska teorіya zaynyatostі: negnuchkі tsіni pratsі.

Protilezhnu pozitsіyu zaymaє keynsіanska teorіya zaynyatostі. Keynes zvernuv uwagi to those scho for kapіtalіzmu simply іsnuє nіyakogo mehanіzmu scho garantuє Povny zaynyatіst. Povny zaynyatіst skorіshe vipadkova instead zakonomіrna. Krіm of tsіni on produktsіyu i zarobіtna board stіyki schodo znizhennya, tobto negnuchkі. Otzhe, salary is not ochischaє markets Agricultural Art robochoї Seeley. Yakscho salary is not zmіnyuєtsya, dwellers ochischati rinok, then vinikaє nevіdpovіdnіst mіzh timey, hto bazhaє Know robot, i kіlkіstyu vakansіy. Grafіchno tse zobrazheno position of Fig. 19.3.

Napriklad, robotodavtsі virіshili zniziti rinkovu vartіst robochoї Sealy (zarobіtnu fee) s W? to W, zmenshiti dwellers so rite vitrati virobnitstva. When tsomu stink, keruyuchis klasichnoyu teorієyu zaynyatostі, spodіvayutsya scho zaynyatіst zalishitsya on poperednomu rіvnі abo through short promіzhok vіdnovitsya o'clock on that same rіvnі.

Fig. 19.3. Keynsіanska model traktuvannya vplivu zmіni salary at zaynyatіst

Cons for naymanoї pratsі, yak uvazhayut keynsіantsі, zarobіtna negnuchka board. Fig. 19.3 shows scho znizhennya zarobіtnoї pay s W? to W generally produces before scho Chastina robіtnikіv zvіlnyaєtsya (vіdrіzok HG) i staє vimusheno nezaynyatoyu. Vimusheno rozumіnnі in fact, scho їhnyu salary znizili and vimogi to pratsі zalishayutsya such themselves. Vіdrіzok HG vіdobrazhaє vimushenu nezaynyatіst, pіdkreslyuyuchi scho іsnuyut kvalіfіkovanі robіtniki, SSMSC hochut pratsyuvati for danoї zarobіtnoї pay, she did not know mozhut robots.

Dosvіd pokazuє scho s salary rіznih reasons i bet zmіnyuyutsya, dwellers vіdbiti nestachu chi nadlishok robochoї Sealy on Rink deprivation pіslya trivalogo promіzhku hour.

Otzhe, oskіlki rate salaries negnuchkі, the note itself bezperervno porodzhuєtsya bezrobіttya. Bezrobіttya in rinkovіy ekonomіtsі not timchasove and stіyke yavische.