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Istoria ekonomіchnih scientists - Kornіychuk LY

3. Look Ekonomіchnі K. Rodbertus

Johann Karl Rodbertus-Yagetsov (1805-1875) - nіmetsky sotsіalіst. Pіslya zakіnchennya in 1827 p. Gettіngenskogo unіversitetu K. Rodbertus Serve Pevnyi hour vіdomstvі the courts.

Rodbertus robbed a member of parliament, Pevnyi hour vіn CCB mіnіstrom. Zalishivshi polіtichnu arena Rodbertus prisvyativ currently doslіdzhennyu sotsіalno-ekonomіchnih problems.

Osnovnі pratsі Rodbertus: "Before pіznannya nashogo great-power ekonomіchnogo will" (1842), "Sotsіalnі sheet to Kіrhmana" (1850-1851), and takozh low of articles in journals opublіkovanih i prisvyachenih Gospodarstwa ancient Rome. Pіslya smertі Rodbertus opublіkovano yogo Bulo Prace "Kapіtal" (Fourth sotsіalny sheet) (1884).

Rodbertus posіdaє svoєrіdne Location in іstorії ekonomіchnoї pillows. Spriynyavshi іdeї Sіsmondі, criticizing him kapіtalіzmu i stimulated encampments robіtnichogo class, vіn vistupaє s propovіddyu sotsіalіstichnih іdey. Prote yogo sotsіalіzm on vіdmіnu od marksistskogo peacefully spіvіsnuє s nіmetskoyu monarhієyu. Vіn prihilnik Sotho ekonomіchnih forms Borotba, vistupaє proti polіtichnih Act reasonably proletarіatu. Rodbertus pogodzhuєtsya s tim, scho mozhlivostі vtіlennya іdey sotsіalіzmu on the hour boule Nadto obmezhenimi. Ale tse, on yogo Dumka, not stosuєtsya teorії. There is not guilty Buti kompromіsіv. Same to vіn GOSTR kritikuє teoretichnі Ambush Rank Katheder so-sotsіalіzmu (nіmetskoї sotsіalno-etichnoї school) once i s a s tim staє osnovopolozhnikіv teorії "sovereign sotsіalіzmu". Reformuvannya suspіlstva vіn spodіvavsya zdіysniti s Relief zrіvnyalnogo rozpodіlu. Zahischayuchi perevazhno Interests drіbnoї burzhuazії, vіn against, vistupaє for viplatu robіtnikovі Povny product yogo pratsі. Evolyutsіya kapіtalіstichnogo virobnitstva for Rodbertus, vіdbuvatimetsya through peretvorennya kapіtalіstichnoї vlasnostі for labor. Zdіysniti sotsіalnі reform Got Power.

Teorіya vartostі. Rodbertus stoїt on pozitsіyah trudovoї theo-rії vartostі, hoch rozrobka i formulyuvannya її Je in Demba descho spetsifіchnimi.

Purshia rozdіl yogo osnovnoї pratsі Got Taqiy headline: "Vartіst usіh gospodarskih benefits viznachaєtsya Prace Prace i tіlki" * 5. Rozkrivayuchi zmіst tsієї Tezi, Rodbertus peredovsіm zaznachaє, scho to spherical Gospodarstwa vіn vіdnosit deprivation materіalnі good. A s materіalnih benefits deprivation Ti Je gospodarskimi scho vartі pratsі.

* 5: {Rodbertus-Yagetsov. To the knowledge of the position of our national economy // Theory of Value. - L., 1924. - S. 113.}

In svoєmu analіzі vartostі vіn vidіlyaє takі the category "uzhivanіst", "rechі, pridatnі for vzhitku", "spozhivnі tsіnnostі" i "good."

"Uzhivanіst" - tse zdatnіst rechі Buti zasobom dosyagnennya methylene, zadovolennya required. Won Got ob'єktivnu basis. "Rechі, pridatnі vzhitku for" - Ti, SSMSC toil Names ob'єktivnu zdatnіst. Ale no OAO All "rechі, pridatnі vzhitku for" Je "spozhivnimi tsіnnostyami". "Spozhivnoї tsіnnostі" Rodbertus carols rechі deprivation Ti, scho Yea they require. "Tsіnnіst, * 6 - wrote vіn - not Je yakіstyu rechі and becoming one її status yakogo Won nabuvaє zavdyaki potrebі in її ob'єktivnih Especially" * 7. Otzhe "spozhivna tsіnnіst" in Demba - kategorіya sub'єktivna. "Good" - tse rechі scho toil spozhivnu tsіnnіst i Je result lyudskoї dіyalnostі. Vartіst benefits pіdkreslyuvav Rodbertus viznachaєtsya deprivation Prace. Analіzuyuchi qiu problem Rodbertus put power: Chi vklyuchayutsya in cost, krіm pratsі, bezposeredno vkladenoї in virobnitstvo benefits takozh vitrati materіalu i znaryaddya virobnitstva? Yogo vіdpovіd Je positive. So, vklyuchayutsya, ale yak TER poperednі vitrati pratsі * 8.

* 6: {i Tsіnnіst spozhivnu tsіnnіst Rodbertus rozglyadaє yak odnoznachnі ponyattya. Div .: Rodbertus-Yagetsov. Titles. tv., p.113, 140.}

* 7: {There's very, p.114. }

* 8: {There itself s.120-121.}

Materіal itself sobі not Mauger Buti vіdneseny to vartostі good. In cost of good vklyuchaєtsya Prace, vitratami yakoї viznachaєtsya vartіst materіalu. Prace scho viznachaє vartіst znaryad virobnitstva, vklyuchaєtsya in cost benefits povnіstyu abo chastkovo, fallow od mіri їh vikoristannya.

Merit Rodbertus Yea those scho vіn viznaє porіvnyuvannya tsіnnostey, tobto viznachennya mіnovoї tsіnnostі i samoї tsіnnostі, її value. Ale, vіn wrote: "... Porіvnyati Quantity dvoh benefits stosovno їhnoї tsіnnostі - Tse slit is not oznachaє vimіryati її" * 9. Єdinoyu mіroyu tsіnnostі, pіdkreslyuє Rodbertus, Je Prace * 10. A odinitseyu її vimіryuvannya Je hour.

* 9: {Rodbertus-Yagetsov. Titles. tv., p.150.}

* 10 {There's very, p.158, 166.}

Vihodyachi s trudovoї teorії vartostі, Rodbertus viznaє for netrudovі Income Prybutok i rent. Їh vіn ob'єdnuє in єdinu kategorіyu "rent vzagalі" yak viznaє rіvnotsіnnoyu the category dodatkovoї vartostі. Nadayuchi great significance tsіy kontseptsії, Rodbertus navіt declare scho Marx "stealing" from Demba teorіyu dodatkovoї vartostі, yak vіn (Rodbertus) viklav stislіshe i i zrozumіlіshe, nіzh Marx. Zaznachayuchi all bezpіdstavnіst takoї said F. Engels wrote scho in Rodbertus "rent vzagalі" becoming just the bag zemelnoї Renty i pributku.

Land rent. Rodbertus Zroby Pevnyi vnesok in rozrobku teorії zemelnoї rent. In yogo Prace Mortgage Basics of teorії absolyutnoї rent.

In Rodbertus serednі tsіni vsіh tovarіv, Promyslova yak, so i sіlskogospodarskih, zbіgayutsya s їhnіmi vartostyami of labor. Quantity dodatkovoї vartostі ( "rent") in oboh Galuzo proportsіyna stvorenim they Sumy vartostey. Prote in sіlskomu gospodarstvі she herself scrip vartostey and otzhe th dodatkovoї vartostі, stvoryuєtsya Mensch kapіtalom, nіzh in promislovostі, to scho here Absent sirogo materіalu, sirovini. Norma pributku viznachaєtsya promislovіstyu. Through those in sіlskomu gospodarstvі vinikaє Pevnyi nadlishok over pributkom, yaky becoming i rent. Land rent Bringer usі dіlyanki zemlі. Otzhe, Rodbertus about putting power іsnuvannya rent, yak Marx called absolute. Shcho Well before diferentsіynoї rent, vіn її zaperechuvav, Hoch i viznavav scho rіznitsya in produktivnostі i rozmіschennі dіlyanok zbіlshuє land rent.

In traktuvannі rent of Rodbertus Je pevnі superechnostі. Not vіdpovіdaє dіysnostі yogo tverdzhennya about those scho sirovina vіdsutnya in sіlskogospodarskomu virobnitstvі, there naspravdі TER vikoristovuyutsya Nasinnya, dobriva. Vodnochase sirovina vіdsutnya in deyakih Galuzo promislovostі, napriklad transportі, ale there vinikaє zemelnoї rent.

Basics utvorennya zemelnoї Renty Rodbertus nazivaє Private vlasnіst the ground. Won Je unearned income vlasnika zemlі. A privlasnyuєtsya ground rent zemlevlasnikami on osnovі "positive law" through postіyny primus. Rozroblyayuchi teorіyu zemelnoї rent, Rodbertus zaperechuvav law spadnoї rodyuchostі ground.

The problem rozpodіlu. Rozglyadayuchi suspіlstvo yak tsіlіsny sotsіalny organіzm, utvoreny podіlom pratsі, Rodbertus nagoloshuє on neobhіdnostі vikonannya suspіlstvom Pevnyi sotsіalnih funktsіy. One s nayvazhlivіshih - tse fair rozpodіl suspіlnogo product. Fair rozpodіl vіn nazivaє The main problem, yak Got virіshuvati science. Pid fair Rodbertus rozumіє Taqiy rozpodіl, yaky zabezpechuє obsession cutaneous robіtnikom Povny product svoєї pratsі. Vіn pіdkreslyuє scho deprivation robіtnik stvoryuє OOO All product. Vlasniki zemlі th kapіtalu oderzhuyut Chastain product in th viglyadі percent rent. Otzhe, Rodbertus vidіlyaє Dvi Parties in rozpodіlі bagatstva - ekonomіchnu th sotsіalnu. Ekonomichna (via dіyu rinkovih vіdnosin) daє zmogu vlasnikam zemlі that kapіtalu privlasnyuvati Chastain suspіlnogo product. A sotsіalna - zabiraє in robіtnikіv Chastain stvorenogo their product, scho Yea torn down just rozpodіlu.

Otse chіtke rozmezhuvannya ekonomіchnoї i sotsіalnoї storіn rozpodіlu bagatstva Je velicheznoyu merits Rodbertus.

Not pridіlyayuchi osoblivoї uwagi z'yasuvannyu proportsіy, SSMSC skladayutsya in protsesі rozpodіlu mіzh factors (Hotel) virobnitstva, Rodbertus mainly nagolos robit on problemі proportsіy mіzh the Labour th unearned income in natsіonalnomu produktі. Vіn robit visnovok scho chastka robіtnikіv in natsіonalnomu produktі zmenshuєtsya on korist kapіtalіstіv i zemlevlasnikіv.

Vihodyachi s tsogo, Rodbertus viznaє neobhіdnіst lіkvіdatsії privatnoї vlasnostі scho zabezpechit on yogo Dumka, lіkvіdatsіyu unearned dohodіv. Ale tse maybutnogo far right. The I Know Rodbertus namagaєtsya kompromіs mіzh Suchasnyj Yomou kapіtalіzmom i kolektivіstskim suspіlstvom maybutnogo. Tsey kompromіs vіn bachit in posilennі rolі powers in rozpodіlі natsіonalnogo product.