Femur

Femur , os femoris, is the longest and thickest of all long bones of the human skeleton. It distinguishes between the body and two epiphyses - proximal and distal.

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The body of the femur, corpus ossis femoris, is cylindrical in shape, somewhat twisted along the axis and curved anteriorly. The anterior surface of the body is smooth. On the back surface there is a rough line, linea aspera, which is the place of both the beginning and the attachment of muscles. It is divided into two parts: the lateral and medial lips. Lateral lip, labium laterale, in the lower third of the bone deviates to the side, heading towards the lateral condyle, condylus lateralis, and in the upper third passes into the gluteal tuberosity, tuberositas glutea, the upper part of which somewhat protrudes and is called the third trochanter tertius.
The medial lip, labium mediale, in the lower third of the thigh is deflected towards the medial condyle, condylus medialis, limiting here along with the lateral lip of a triangular-shaped popliteal surface, facies poplitea. This surface is bounded along the edges by vertically extending, indistinctly expressed medial supracondylar line, linea supracondylaris medialis, and lateral supracondylar line, linea supracondylaris lateralis. The latter, as it were, continue the distal sections of the medial and lateral lips and reach the corresponding epicondyle. In the upper part, the medial lip continues into the comb line, linea pectinea. Approximately in the middle of the body of the femur, on the side of the rough line, is a nutritional hole, foramen nutricium, - an entrance to the proximal directed nutrient channel, canalis nutricius.

The upper, proximal, epiphysis of the femur, epiphysis proximalis femoris, on the border with the body has two rough processes - a large and small spit. Big spit, trochanter major, pointing up and back; It occupies the lateral part of the proximal epiphysis of the bone. Its outer surface is well probed through the skin, and on the inner surface there is a fossa trochanterica. On the anterior surface of the femur, from the apex of the large spit, downward and medially the intertrochanteric line, linea intertrochanterica, passes into the comb line. On the posterior surface of the proximal epiphysis of the femur, the intervertebral crista intertrochanterica passes in the same direction, ending in a small trochanter minor located on the posterior medial surface of the upper end of the bone. The rest of the proximal epiphysis of the bone is directed upward and medially and is called the femoral neck, collum ossis femoris, which ends in a spherical-shaped head, caput ossis femoris. The neck of the hip is somewhat compressed in the frontal plane. With the long axis of the thigh, it forms an angle, which near the women approaches the straight, and the men are more stupid. On the surface of the head of the femur, there is a small size of a rough fossa of the head of the femur, fovea capitis ossis femoris (attachment track of the ligament of the femoral head).

The lower, distal, epiphysis of the femur, epiphysis distalis femoris, is thickened and expanded in the transverse direction and terminates in two condyles: medial, condylus medialis, and lateral, condylus lateralis. The medial condyle of the femur is greater than the lateral one. The lateral and medial epicondylitis, epicondylus lateralis et epicondylus mediate, are respectively on the external surface of the lateral condyle and the inner surface of the medial condyle. Somewhat higher than the medial epicondyle there is a small leading tubercle, tuberculum adductorium, the site of attachment of a large adductor muscle. The condyle surfaces facing one another are delimited by the intercondylar fossa, fossa intercondylaris, which is separated from the popliteal surface by the intercondylar line at the top, linea intercondylaris. The surface of each condyle is smooth. The anterior surfaces of the condyles go over one another, forming a patellar surface, facies patellaris, the place of the patellar joint with the femur.

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