Історія України - Subtelium Orest

Podії of the church and cultural life

Yak і in polichnichnomu that sotsіialno-ekonomichnomu vidnoshennі, the center of church and culture in Ukraine on the back of the XVII century. Takozh peremischuyutsya on the circuit. Bezopetrednє sushidstvo Volynі ta Galichini z Polskie, dey apogeyu syagulala katolitska Counterreformatsiya, zumovlyuvalo those, osoeredki Ukrainskogo orthodox'ya on tsikh lands conceived її uninterrupted and zlubnogo vplyvu. So, if in 1608 r. Died prince Kostyantin Ostrozky, tse "Stovp orthodox'ya, yogo onuka, neonaververnena a fanatical Catholic Anna Khodakevich, gave Ostrozka Academia єzuytam. Lvivske brotherhood takozh primed zanepati, oskilki Ukrainsky mischany no longer zmozi buli pіdtrimati yogo, terpplyachi all більші утиски з боку католицької та та польського уряду. At the same hour, the Schengen area, scho Schwidko rozvivalis, perebuvali far in the grip of Polish Catholicism. І знову Київ, що all the densely populated th bahatshav, pідносився як the center of the Ukrainian Orthodox.

Rushynoyu power of the Orthodox vidrodzhennya na novoosvoyuvanni lands of Ukraine, a boule of the old Kiev-Pecherska Lavra. In the 1610's, її arhіmandrit Єlisei Pletenetsky, vihoditsy із галицької знаті, zgrupuvav ovvykonov ovvychicheni priests, vzrachuvav ovvyko vsevichcheni priestsnichiteliv, vperitelno galichans, zokrema Iova Boretsky, Tarasiya Zemku, Zakhariya Kopistenskogo, Pamva Berindu and Lavrentia Zizaniya. Prybavshy drukarsky verstat, Pletenetsky seized zdіysnyuvati grandiose visavni-

The project, after a length of 15 years, was published in close proximity to ZO books by the leading rank of the relegated zmist. Tse re-zagalnu kilkіst usіh book, nadrukovaniyah in Ukraine before that hour. In 1615, returning the grotesque, protected by a baggage to the Orthodox gentry, Ulizaveta Gulevich, to know that the clergy of Kiev, natkneni tsim with the butt, fell asleep at the Epiphany Church brotherhood.

Tse brotherhood pіdtrimuvalo tіsnі vzaimini іz zaporozhtsy. The ear of cymus contacts, dovmovno, the parcel of Josip Kurtsevich, the rector of the monastery at Terekhtemirov - the city, the cossack spital, the arsenal and the scribbi. Up to 1610 r. Stink nastilki zmіcіnіli, sho kozaki vіdkrito disowned: "Mi pіdtrimuєmo orthodox'ya і clergy, scho not zasdilo nashoї oldo vіri". In the 1620 r. Zaporozhtsy on cholі z Sagaydachnim entered the Kyiv fraternity і, іoco duzhe it is important, vіslyako vіvyvachennu vіvyvachennyu novіh orthodox ієррхів. Tsya podіya small syvecne znachennya. Aže ukladennyam Beresteyskoї uniї in 1596 р. That priegnannyam to nei perestavnoї bіlshostі єbiopolіv orthodox tserkva vtatila svoyh ієрархів. Коли патріарх єрусалимський Феофан висвятив кількох іпископів і рукоповв Іова Борецького на митрополита київського, православні українці знову мали own church princes. Yak і nalezhalo check, the Catholics and Greek Catholics are "illegitimate," yak yong stinked, the act wiklikav lyut. One polkomuyu uryadovі potrybna bula pidtrymka kozakіv vedenni vinyi, that vin did not vytruchavsya at spravi, i nova orthodoxna ієрархія дістала визнання.

Події 1620 р. They literally inflamed the Vorozhnich mozh orthodox with those Greek Catholics. On dodatok to nizkostnost iz feed the dogmas of the church rituals in which they were roused by a protracted conflict for the church volost. Superechka dovkola rights rozporyadzhatisya churches, monasteries, and zakriplenimi behind them the lands reached such a state, but at the very core, yakі nerіdko buli zazdalegid plonovaniami battles, z oboi storin ginuli sotnі svyaschenikiv. Naybilshogo rozgolos vobivstvo at 1623 r. Greek-Catholic archbishop Josaphat Kuntsevich nativom orthodox vyryuchih, ystryozheniyami yogo asked by confiscation of two Orthodox churches. Занепокоєні братовбивчою ботьбою, кілька православних священиків, зокрема arhіепископ полоцький Meletiy Smotrytskyy that rector of the Kiev Brothers' School Kasiyan Sakovich , namagalisya napisagti kompromіsu, "scho ob'ednav bi obidvі Rusi." Ale Hoch near Kiev Lviv kіlka razіv slykalisya cathedral, try to reconcile not mali uspіhu.

Rozcharovany voyovnichoyu neprimirennіstju svoyh orthodox spіvvіchtiznikov, Smotrytsky із Sakovichi урешті-ретто steel on бік греко-католиків. Tim hourly інші predstavniki orthodox clergy zvernelsya for pidtrimkoju to the Moscow tsar. Tse is not a boom unprecedented crock. In the 1570s, Lvivska brothers fell in contact with the Orthodox Church of Moscow, and on the pillar of the 17th century. Of the Baghdad Ukrainians of the Orthodox Church sentenced to the Moscow Crossing of the Catholics. In 1625, the reorganization of the Orthodox believer in Poland was not a Maybutny, Metropolitan Boretsky zvernuvsya to the king z prohannyam priinyati Ukraine pid svoe patronage. Prote Moscow reagulated with oberezhinstyu. Pobojuchuchis viklikati rozdratuvannya Polsz, Won podkala Ukrainians pidtrymku zaohochyuchim word u grishmi, ne e beruchi zobov'azan stati na zahist їхніх rights.

Borotba mozh orthodox that Greek Catholics sprinkinilasya to such chaos, sho vreštі-resht in 1632 r. In the Neighborhood, a Polish detachment struck a compromise. Orthodox ієррхія otrimvala otitsіyne viznannya, and vlasnist, scho viklikala suprepechki, dіlilasya mіzh dvama churches. One of the main "arhitektors" of this compromise was Metropolitan Petro Mogila - the Ukrainian one of the relics of the XVII century. Nishchad noble Moldovan clan, Grave, yak і bagatogo yogo spivvitychnikiv, distav pochotkovu osvitu u Lvivskii svjatskіі schools. Having closed the Navcha in Paris, turning to Ukraine, it is necessary to care for the priest's card. In 1627, in the 31st century, the archimandrite of the Kievo-Pecherska lavri , and through the Pyatyk rock, the metropolitan of Kiev.

Petro Mogila

Small .Petro Grave

Skorastavshis із відносной покою, що наста після 1632 р., The grave to carry out the end of the necessary reforms in the Orthodox church, її cultural and those uchbovikh mortgages. At the same time, a group of theologians and writers was rushed to the center , the Yaku was called an hour by the Mogilyansky Ateneum , organizing the Orthodox dogma that ceremony and pending to the friend the first Orthodox Catechism. Having met him at the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra school with the school of the Kyiv Brotherhood, Tomb laying pidvaliny so zvanoї Mogilyanskoe Kolgiії, yaka zgodom became one of the most naiwazhivshih uchbovyh laying the words of the Svyat. Taking for izyretsy зуzuтtskі schools, osoblivu respect in kolgії zvertali vivchennya klassichnyh disciplines, especially Latin and polski moni. The Gretsky Movyi, so popular were thrown at the brotherly schools, vzhe not nadalosysya great znachennya. The program of the school, founded by Peter Mogiloi, was dedicated to the yogo pragnennya povednati traditional words'yanskogo orthodox'ya with the Latin traditions of the Catholic Sunset. Ale, the cultivation of Zahod, the metropolitan The grave of that colo yogo poslidovnikiv not rozumili, scho latinskyi fіlosofskі tractati, іstorichnі th poeticnyi tvory prilablyuvali tilki nebelyku vklyuch-scholastiv, and in the Ukrainian souppilstvі in tselomu vony did not mean a wide rozumnіnya. Відтак між еlітарніні київськими схоластами та інтерії українського суспільства postupovo nimіtisya kulturny raskriv.

Zaporozhets at the dance. Hood. T. Kalinsky. Кінець XVIII ст.

Zaporozhets at the dance. Hood. T. Kalinsky. Кінець XVIII ст.

In the cultural and Ukrainian tops, tobot of small articles, they were given relics by those. The books, zokrems of such, yak "Palinodiya" Zakhary Kopistensky , "Mirror of theology" by Kiril Stavrovetsky , strove to try to prove the truth of the Orthodox, to bring it home, Ідидиний шлях to the human salvation. Navit from the "bestsellers" of that hour, the confessions for the Masovian vest, were riddled with those lives of the holy chi given a catalog of miracles that were read in the Kyiv Pechersky Laura. At perevazhnіy svіїї більшості ці books were written folding for розуміння ecclesiastical tones' tuition, kotra all the same використовуваласься Україні як літературна. Protechmdalі sered writing was broadened and simple. Thus, Pamva Berinda stretched ZO rocky storing the "Lexicon" , in which I gave up to the church-slovans' sljiv їхні українські відповідники. We introduce the fact that the literary life of that period has become the popularity of the travel of the special panegyrics. Prior to nazkaschih zrazkiv in this genre to lie "Virshi" Kasiyana Sakovich , written on the death of Sagaidachny, that virshi, prisvyacheny Peter Mogil. П'єси, scho warehouses were put on schools, takozh buli popular and often містили елементи народної творчості. In the middle of the yak brotherly schoolchildren, the Mogilyanska Kollegiya were new students, and the drukarny-novy books, literacy poured into Ukraine, deedalized the widow.

Yakzczo relegiyne supernitskot ta zahіdnі zrazki stimulated the cultures of rozvitok kiivskoi eliti, then in the cultures of the masses and elsewhere they knew the native-looking style of life and the customs of the border guard. So, with the themes of the people's letters, and the bagatoes of them are young for a long time, marrying people with nature, prcia on the ground, especially people with people. In them, sochi garrisoned, yak pritsyovity, truthfulness, nismidyvivalis nigdini vschinki. Nayaskravishim viraz creative spirit of the people in the XVI-XVII century. Buli dumi. Їх співали мандрівні кобзарі in the day of the fair of the relics of the saints, in the cossack camps, in the sylvian maidans. In the main part of the world, two problems were boggling over the bureaucracy: the struggle against the Ukrainian borderlands: the battle with the Turks and Tatars, and the op-pon of the gentry.

The population of the coastal regions of the Bula was to be characterized by the characteristic bridge of the perihotic period of the shiodnoevropeyskoi історії. Yak on the Ukraine, on the Dnipro, Kozaki z'yavilisya in Russia, on the Don. Sohni sotsіalnі grupi viniKli in Ugorshchin, Croatia and the other Christian lands, on the uninhabited cordons of the Ottoman Empire. Ales nіde tsі "periferіynі" стани не відігравали такої великої ролі в суспільстві, як козаки на Україні. It is natural, in the minds of Ukraine, the meaning of the population of the crumbling population is not abiotic. Prior to that, the fullness of the Ukrainian tops was humbled by the role of the role, the yak in the other regions lay on the nobility. Внаслідок цього козак becoming key postattyu is not deprived in Ukraine, but in the national identity of the Ukrainians, - so, yak the cowboy in the American chi wiking near the scandinavians.

The order of iz zrostanjam znachennja kozatstva new енергією напонилося українське релігійне й культурне життя. Kiev became the center of the orthodox center. For the cultural and cultural tops of Kyiv, the sign of the part of the anchor bullet is tied up with the Mogilyanskoe collegia, tse, after the words of Ivorya Shevchenko, buv "the hour of the spiritual zloty and intelektualnogo rozvitku." Z one side, vіdrozhennya orthodox'ya сприяло услаленню полonізації. Zinoshogo - vno vprohadilo in ukrainsku culture zahіdnі elemeni, yakі in pisnіshі chasi rusivniluvali Russifikatsiyu. Such a rank, nezbezpechno nalbalizshis before tsіlkovatoї asymіlyatsії panіvnim polski syspіlstvom ya yogo kul'turoyu, ukrainytsi vodnochas rozvinuli risi, scho vidriznyali їh vіd sisіdnіh narodiv.